6 February 2025

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American foreign policy is described during Donald Trump as transactions. And then. The president's mentality can only be described as greatly reasonable in international cooperation.

Trump does not look at a few international standards or institutions – he saw his immediate withdrawal, taking office, from the United States from the Paris Climate Agreement (again) and the World Health Organization. His view of the world is zero sum, focusing on winning in the short term instead of the major strategy.

The narrowness of the president’s concept of security interests and economic interests through his threats to launch a war of tariffs, similar to the thirties of the twentieth century, embodies both friends, neighbors and enemies. And more colored, by viewing alliances as protection strikes.

Notice, though, that the world was going long before Trump. The rise of China, which during the reign of Xi Jinping sought to emphasize power and influence all over the world, made a broken global power masses of transactions significantly.

It is also noticeable that the high transactions extend beyond foreign policy. Ostuating challenges for international cooperation.

First of all, the climate change that agrees all of this requires global solutions. This is what is around the operation of the uninterrupted policeman. However, the United Nations itself says that in order to maintain the phenomenon of global warming of no more than 1.5 degrees Celsius, emissions must be cut by 45 percent by 2030 and reach zero by 2050.

The United Nations indicates that the national climate plans by the signatories of the Paris Agreement will lead to a 2.6 percent decrease in global emissions by 2030, compared to 2019 levels. Thus, the transition of organized energy is, on the current policy, mirage. In fact, governments and companies' interest in the political and economic cost of carbon landing raised an increasing approach to this tremendous global challenge.

Meanwhile, the failure of developed countries to meet climate financing pledges to the developing world shook confidence in the multilateral process between those with harsh weather or sea level rise.

It is basic difficulty that if China represents more than 30 percent of the current global emissions, it is because the developed world has used external sources of its dirt to Asia. However, the relatively low European emissions allow populist politicians to say that we do not face any moral commitment to retreat from fossil fuels.

After that, migration. The geopolitical strains and global warming in the Middle East and Africa are leading countless immigrants towards Europe. Given the pressure resulting from housing, public services and the rest, this screams to exchange the cooperative burden between the member states of the European Union. Unfortunately, the time for cooperative humanitarian solutions has passed.

The rise of populist parties against immigrants is now a solid feature of the European political scene. Germany is the main model, not the least of which is that the former Chancellor Angela Merkel fueled the rise of the extreme right -wing alternative to immigrants to Germany (AFD) by presenting an open door to asylum seekers who fled from the Syrian civil war.

AFD is now second in opinion polls to Christian Democrats before the Federal Election on February 23. For Germany and Europe, there is no escape from a national approach to migration.

Artificial intelligence is just a problem. There are a few areas of human activity as it will not provide benefits. But these benefits are distributed uneven by a handful of countries and companies. There are also countless risks, including ethical; Job losses from structural modification caused by artificial intelligence; The existential risks where artificial intelligence may exceed human intelligence. However, international cooperative initiatives have made little progress. Governments and companies are very desperate of muscles in impulsive gold artificial intelligence.

Finally to work. Economist John Kai argued convincingly that successful modern companies are necessarily cooperative societies in which technical progress and business development depend on spreading collective intelligence in innovative groups. If it is right, the success of companies is frequently sabotaged through a culture of rewards in which the incentives of executives are driven by the scales of wage related to defective performance. This encourages the short-term laboratory-witnessing the restrictions of enthusiastic shares as well as a decrease in investment to amplify the end result.

These flourishing and expensive types of transactions have become widespread. We live in what may soon be the era of transactions.

john.plender@ft.com

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